Why invent a musical mouse?
Whereas human interface gadgets (HIDs) are available in all kinds of shapes, sizes, and functionalities, we most frequently find yourself utilizing the everyday keyboard, mouse, and touchscreen, which might get boring. After recognizing this himself, analysis software program engineer Joren Six wished to maneuver away from the normal mannequin and give you a singular technique to regulate a pc. He was impressed by this Reddit publish by which a gamer is utilizing a flute to regulate his intention in a first-person shooter, and as an alternative of crosshairs, Six would transfer a cursor throughout the display.
Establishing the {hardware}
As a result of he would want one thing that might hear for sounds, rapidly analyze the recorded audio, after which management a mouse, Six went with the Arduino Nano RP2040 Join. His code makes use of the board’s built-in PDM microphone through the PDM library to constantly obtain new information packets and retailer them in a buffer. Moreover, the USB connection to the host PC permits the RP2040 to behave as an HID. Altogether, he referred to as this method the “pitch good pointer positioning” resolution, or PiPePoPo for brief.
Figuring out frequency
Probably the most difficult facet of this mission was figuring out the frequency of the captured audio samples, as sound isn’t just one wave however a mix of many alternative frequencies at differing amplitudes. With a view to discover the elemental frequency, a extremely optimized library implementing the YIN algorithm was included. It really works by accepting the sampling frequency together with an array of samples earlier than outputting each the pitch and likelihood of the end result. And since the RP2040 lacks a {hardware} floating-point unit (FPU) owing to its Arm Cortex-M0+ structure, Six additionally included an optimized fixed-point math library.
Pointer actions
As soon as the frequency has been discovered, the RP2040 Join’s subsequent activity is to maneuver the mouse in response to the pitch. Six configured 4 completely different, mutually unique ranges the place the cursor’s place shall be modified by a set variety of pixels to both the left, proper, up, or down. A fifth, higher-pitched vary causes a click on occasion to be despatched earlier than beginning a cooldown timer that helps stop extra clicking.
A software program different
Six’s mission works very properly by itself, however after realizing that not everybody would have the power to construct the {hardware}, he additionally launched a Chrome extension that performs a really related set of actions. It listens to audio by the browser’s microphone API and constructs a digital cursor that strikes based mostly on the pitch. When the person needs to click on, the extension merely will get the component on the cursor’s coordinates and calls its click on() technique.
For extra details about this mission, you’ll be able to go to Six’s write-up right here on his weblog.
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